Ranbaxy Daiichi - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1061 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Ranbaxy – Daiichi Sankyo Deal Akash Bangani Dipika Bhura Gaurav Khetan Neetu Rathod 12065 12077 12082 12118 Agenda †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Industry Overview Companies’ Profiles Snapshot of the deal Financing the deal Benefits to Daiichi Benefits to Ranbaxy Synergies Post Acquisition challenges Recent Developments Conclusion Indian Pharmaceutical Industry †¢ Present size of $14 billion. †¢ Ranks 4th in world in terms of production and 13th in terms of consumption. †¢ Highly fragmented. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ranbaxy Daiichi" essay for you Create order 325 large and medium-scale companies and 26000 small-scale companies. Can be divided in 2 segments – Formulation and Bulk Drugs Market Share of segments 20% 80% Formulations Bulk Drugs Porter’s 5 forces Threat of Entry: MODERATE Competition: HIGH Porter’s 5 forces Model Threat of substitute: LOW Bargaining power of customers: MODERATE Bargaining power of suppliers: LOW Company Profile: Ranbaxy †¢ Incorporated in 1961. †¢ The largest pharmaceutical company in India and among the top 100 pharmaceuticals companies in the world. †¢ Ranked 8th largest generic drug company in the world. †¢ Ground operations in 49 countries and manufacturing operations in 11 countries. Exports contribute to around 80% of total revenues. †¢ 2008-Global Sales of US $ 1,682 Million Market Reach structure: Ranbaxy Shareholding before Deal Revenue Diversification REGION North America Europe SHARE 26% 23% Category Promoters Domestic Institutions FII’s Holding 34. 8% 23. 3% 18% India Emerging Markets Developed Markets 21% 54% 40% Shareholding after Deal Category Daiichi Sankyo Rest Holding 64% 36% Others 6% About Daiichi Sankyo †¢ Established in 2005 , after the merger of two leading companies in Japan- Sankyo Company Ltd. Daiichi Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. Proprietary researched based pharmaceutical company. †¢ Sales Splits: Japan – 68% North America – 20% Europe – 9% Other – 3% Daiichi – Sankyo (Current Data) Snapshot of the deal †¢ On June 11, 2008 Daiichi agreed to pay $4. 6 billion for acquiring 51% stake in Ranbaxy putting the total enterprise value of Ranbaxy at $8. 5 billion. †¢ Deal financing through a mix of debt and existing cash resources of Daiichi Sankyo. †¢ The purchase price of Rs. 737 represents a premium of above 50% to Ranbaxy’s average daily closing price on the National Stock Exchange. Deal would make the combined entity 15th largest pharmaceutical company in the world. Acquisition of Shares Date of Acquisition Oct 15th 2008 Oct 20th 2008 Oct 20th 2008 Particulars Open offer Preferential Share Promoters No. of Shares 92,519,126 46,258,063 81,913,234 Nov 7th 2008 Promoters TOTAL 48,020,900 268,711,323 †¢Issue of warrants which could be converted into equity shares between 6 to 18 months. 3000 2980 2960 Stock Price in Yen Daiichi 12th, 2980 11th, 2975 2940 2920 16th, 2945 18th, 2935 17th, 2930 13th, 2910 2900 2880 2860 9th, 2850 2840 2820 0 2 10th, 2835 4 6 8 0 Ranbaxy 610 600 590 580 Stock Price 570 560 550 540 12th, 543. 5 10th, 560. 75 11th, 560. 8 13th, 566. 9 17th, 581. 45 16th, 567. 75 18th, 598. 2 530 520 0 9th, 526. 4 2 4 6 8 10 Financing the Deal †¢ Daiichi was to finance 50% through bank borrowings. †¢ Less amount of debt in the Balance Sheet was an added advantage to the Co. in securing loans to fund the deal. †¢ Remaining 50% funded through internal financial resources ? Ample liquidity to finance the deal. Total Retained Earnings= $ 10. 26 bn Marketable securities = $5. 26 bn Cash = $ 473. 35 mn Investments = $ 2. 16 bn As on march, 2008 Triggering Factors of the Deal †¢ Changing dynamics of the global pharmaceutical business †¢ Increasing population †¢ Government’s increasing focus on Healthcare. †¢ Patents reaching expiration †¢ Changing consumer trends †¢ Amendment in Patent Act, 2005 Patent Expiration worldwide What Daiichi gets from the deal †¢ Promoters 34. 8% stake and total of 63% stake †¢ Ranbaxy’s world class manufacturing facilities in 14 countries. †¢ 1100 strong R teams and 300 innovative research teams †¢ Daiichi moves from 22nd rank to 15th among world largest pharmaceutical companies Enhancing the generic product portfolio by 20 FTF (First-toFile) product launches providing market opportunity of $26 billion. Advantages to Daiichi †¢ Will be able to reduce its reliance on only branded drugs †¢ Gets access to developing markets with around 60 countries. †¢ Strengthen its base in Japanese generic market (Govt . support) †¢ Could gain access at a lower cost to a huge number of English-speaking scientists in India †¢ Low cost manufacturing set up Driving factors for Ranbaxy †¢ Entry into Japanese market, world’s second largest pharmaceutical market. †¢ Strengthened balance sheet as it would become debtfree. Huge infusion of cash †¢ Opportunity to capitalize on Daiichi’s strength in innovation. †¢ Opportunities for both organic inorganic growth. †¢ Gains access to Daiichi Sankyo’s R expertise to advance its branded drugs business. †¢ A much larger product basket to leverage globally. Complementary business combination Synergies of Acquisitions †¢ Manufacturing and R D collaboration – Value Chain Activities Benefit from advanced technology coupled with low cost DIS can improve operational efficiency by sourcing APIs from Ranbaxy Reduced the impact of new Patent Act, 2005. Product portfolio in emerging markets. †¢ Developed clinical research environment. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Benefits in value chain activities Daiichi Sankyo’s expertise Ranbaxy’s expertise Product Portfolio Daiichi Sankyo RANBAXY Major Therapy Anti – infectives Cardiovasculars Gastrointestinals Percentage 37 16 NA Major Therapy Anti hypertensive drug Synthetic antibacterial agent Thrombiosis Diabetes Cancer Autoimmune diseases Sale Largest 2nd largest Musculoskeletal Central Vervous System Respiratory 8 6 6 Post Acquisition Financials Daiichi Sankyo Causes of worry †¢ FDA and DOJ probe. Lack of expertise in running a global business. †¢ Legal Issues (Pfizer) †¢ Economic downturn. †¢ Cutting down of Royalty Payments Challenges †¢ Corporate governance structure. †¢ Implementing robust planning processes to enable the acquired entity to function optimally in the post acquisition context. †¢ Aligning the employees to the vision of the combined entity, thus increasing employee morale and minimizing employee attrition. †¢ Communicating to all customers and business partners especially given that a acquisition lends vulnerability to any organization from a competitive perspective. Cross Cultural issues. †¢ There might be certain conflict of interest while taking strategic long term decisions. Challenges contd.. †¢ Difficult to convince the doctors that the relation with the company would remain intact. †¢ Dilute Ranbaxy’s Equity. †¢ The currency hedges by Ranbaxy would cost the Japanese drug maker around $122 m †¢ Ranbaxy may face problems with Daiichi’s relentless focus on quality. Recent Developments †¢ Sep 2009: 30 drugs from 2 factories banned by FDA (loss $40 m) †¢ May 2009: Malvinder Singh quits as CEO and MD of Ranbaxy †¢ May 2009: Daiichi records a valuation loss of $ 3. 5 b in goodwill †¢ April 2010: 23. 8 b warrants lapsed le ading to forfeit of Rs. 1756 crores †¢ July 2010: Ranbaxy transferred its NDDR unit to Daiichi at Rs. 145 cr thereby removing all expenses attached to R †¢ Aug 2010: Atul Sobti quits as CEO due to difference with management. Conclusion †¢ High premium paid †¢ Ranbaxys problems with the FDA highlight the potential pitfalls acquisitive companies such as Daiichi Sankyo face when shopping for deals overseas †¢ Planning seemed less strategic and more opportunistic. †¢ Lack of due diligence . †¢ Inadequate cultural and operational integration. This deal has busted two mythsâ€Å"That innovators will never buy generics that Indian promoters will never sell† Reference †¢ Annual Reports of Daiichi-Sankyo and Ranbaxy †¢ Articles from leading newspapers(Economic Times) †¢ https://www. daiichisankyo. com/ †¢ https://www. ranbaxy. com/ †¢ Research Reports from Emkay Contribution †¢ Akash: Analysis of industry facts about t he deal. †¢ Dipika: Valuation †¢ Gaurav: Analysis of deal fromRanbaxy’s perspective synergies. †¢ Neetu: Analysis of the deal from Daiichi’s perspective Challenges Thank You

The Civil War Of America - 1854 Words

The Civil War The American Civil War was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. Among the 34 states in 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, the South, included eleven states. The states that remained loyal to the United States and did not declare secession were known as the Union or the North. The war had its origin in the factious issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery into the western territories. After four years of fighting, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South s infrastructure, the†¦show more content†¦Speaking directly to the Southern States, he reaffirmed, I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so , and I have no inclination to do so. The first six to secede had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, a total of 48.8 percent for the six. Outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincoln s inaugural address declared his administration would not initiate civil war. Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession. Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy. Efforts at compromise failed, and both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene; none did and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Because Europe relied on cotton so heavily they had to find a new place to receive their cotton. They found Egyptian cotton which later became a much more desirable fabric. The causes of the Civil War were complex and have been controversial since the war began. James C. Bradford wrote that the issue has been further complicated by historical revisionists, who have tried to offer a variety of reasons for the war. Slavery was the

Horizontal Health Equity Refers To the Balance in the Provision

Question: Horizontal Health Equity Refers To the Balance in How the Provision? Answer: Introducation: HIV refers to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and it can lead to disease known as AIDS (Acquired Human Immuno Deficiency Syndrome). It attacks the immune system of the body and is very difficult to get rid of it in a complete manner .It has been reported that 1000 Australian people are diagnosed with HIV every year and people are diagnosed at a later stage ,after the virus has caused illness in them. Australia is able to eliminate AIDS but not HIV infection among the individuals. It is estimated that Australia will be able to become HIV free by the year 2020. It has also been reported that there is a growth of around 13 % in the patients infected by HIV every year in the country. It was also reported in 2015 that there was 25,313 individuals affected with HIV in Australia(Dodson, Batterham, McDonald, Osborne, 2016). Researchers have planned various healthcare strategies to stop HIV from infecting individuals especially key populations which involves men who have sex with men, peopl e living in prisons and other closed settings, people who inject drugs in themselves, sex workers and transgender people. They should be provided with proper prevention and treatment facilities to prevent HIV from infecting them, as it is their basic right. Social determinants of health , primary health care, and health well being of populations and communities at risk of exposure to HIV are directly interlinked to one another. Social determinants of HIV include social discrimination of the infected individuals,gender biasness ,low socioeconomic status and experiences in childhood such as sexual abuse or children who have faced emotional issues are seen to have infected with HIV during adulthood. Primary health care for HIV includes lack of information regarding safe sex due to low socioeconomic status and financial crisis, lack of proper counseling and treatment especially to women due to gendr biasness (Coleman, Tate, Gaddist, White, 2016).It is important to provide to medical fa cilities to individuals infected with HIV without any discrimination to lower down the rate of HIV patients on a global level. This essay includes prevalence of HIV among key populations, health equity, disproportionate risks, guideline and the strategies including preventive healthcare interventions and community interventions to overcome HIV in such populations. Equity in primary health care refers to the various reasons that result in different qualities of healthcare in different populations residing in regions. This differentiation is done on the basis of caste, creed, sex, and financial status of the populations. It involves a lack of proper medical facilities such as lack of medicines to the people and is completely injustice to them. Health inequity leads to decrease in life expectancy of the individuals and increase in mortality rate(Thomas Humphreys, 2015)) Lack of proper healthcare facilities leads to depression, anger, sadness and low self-esteem in individuals. Health equity is of two types, horizontal health equity and vertical health equity. Horizontal health equity refers to the balance in the provision of medical treatment facilities under the same conditions to people who are single, or in groups. Vertical equity is based on the fact that people who have differences on the basis of caste, religion, sex should be provided different healthcare facilities according to their requirement. Health equity is important in primary health care because every individual has the right to avail proper medical facilities irrespective of their differences like caste and financial status. This will help them in improving their health condition and keep them contented(Leeuw, 2015). A large proportion of women also lag behind as compared to men to avail primary health care. The main reason behind this is that women lack economic and social power. Declaration of Alma Ata of 1978 played an important role in providing primary health care to all the individuals in the twentieth century. According to this declaration, primary health care plays an important role in attaining the objective of the proper health care facilities for all the individuals. There is a major difference in the provision of medical facilities among the developing and the developed countries and this is not acceptable as it is the basic right of every individual to avail proper medical facilities. There should be a proper methodology and various strategies should be followed to reduce this gap. Various scientific and technological methods should be developed that can be accessed by the patients and their family members living in rural areas at a reasonable cost(Brown Stepanova, 2016). The objective of primary health care for all the individuals was accepted by all the countries who are members of World Health Organization (WHO) after this declaration was made . Initially, it was accepted by the developing countries and by other country after five years. There are various disproportionate risks involved in HIV for key populations because they have least access to prevention and care and very few treatment methods for the treatment of HIV. In the year 2015, it was reported that there were around 45% of new HIV infections including these key populations like men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, transgender people, people who live in prisons and confined areas and sex workers. Labeling these key populations, discrimination and criminalization are the main reasons they do not get proper treatment facilities. Government is planning various measures and strategies to reduce the percentage of this deadly disease in key population to 75 % by the year 2020(World Health Organization., 2014). There are various guidelines on the prevention of HIV by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the infections caused by this disease in various countries. It involves increase in the provision of testing of HIV, proper care treatment facilities to specific populations like sex workers, transgenders, men who have sex with men, people who live in prison and people who inject drugs to themselves(World Health Organisation , 2015). These groups are not provided proper medical treatment facilities to prevent HIV and have to face various laws and policies that are biased as compared to the normal population. According to WHO, men who have sex with men should take antiretroviral medicines to prevent HIV infection which is also known as pre-exposure prophylaxis(Worl Health Organisation, 2016). This can reduce the HIV infections up to 25% on a global level. People who live in prisons or closed areas should be provided proper nutrition and hygienic environment to prevent HIV infection. They should be given proper medical and dental checkups and should be provided proper protection from various hazards. People who inject drugs in their body should be given clean syringes and needles at low cost to prevent the infection. They should be given proper counseling and medical testing facilities for HIV. They should also be provided antiretroviral therapy to prevent themselves from HIV. Adolescents should be given HIV Vaccination to prevent the HIV disease from infecting them. Pre- Exposure Prophylaxis should be made available to these key populations as they have a high risk of getting HIV infection, which involves intake a pill daily(World Health Organisation , 2015). These key populations should be given proper access to treatment, prevention and care. Various healthcare programs should be organized to deal with their health issues to achieve health equity for patients suffering from HIV. It is the human right of every AIDS patient to receive proper counseling about the preventive measures and the treatment tests(Diagnosing HIV, 2015).Equity and Rights should be balanced for all the patients affected by HIV. Proper policies, and laws are required to protect the individual rights of such patients. According to the case study as nonprofit organization developed an HIV model of community nursing care in 1986 and there was not any other model of nursing ,various nursing interventions in Australia involve working with various healthcare providers to make sure that the patients suffering from HIV receive proper care .It also involves monitoring of various sign of infections in the patients because of HIV and encourage them to have a proper balanced diet to increase the nutritional content. They should provide soft cushions to the patients to prevent the discomfort. They should also keep in check whether the stool of the patient suffering from HIV is consistent or not and should keep in check if the patient is suffering from abdominal cramps or pain(Bennett, Bertagnolio, Gilks, 2008). They should be cooperative and sympathetic towards the HIV patients. They should also provide patient centered care and have proper communication with the patients. Nurses and various healthcare profe ssionals should help the patients in their daily activities and allow their family members to speak in a simple language to them. Preventive health care interventions for HIV include proper use of condoms by these key populations to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV up to 94 %. They should also be counseled to use silicone or water based lubricants that would prevent the condoms from slipping and getting broken. Individuals who inject drugs in themselves, condom programming should be made essential to them and lubricant distribution programs should be introduced and closed settings to prevent the harmful effects of HIV(Group, 2003). Community interventions play an important role improving their health condition in the key populations and various other patients include proper counseling of patient affected by HIV and providing them psychosocial support to boost their confidence and improve their self-esteem. They and their family members should be given proper information about the disease, its symptoms, treatment plan and preventive measures to avoid any confusion and to tackle the disease(Weiler, 2013). For example, sex workers have a little information about the risk factors associated and they should not be discriminated from others in the provision of better healthcare services as they are more prone to this disease. Adolescents should be trained about the practice of having safe sex by the use of condoms and lubricants by organizing sexuality training programs in schools and colleges. People who inject drugs in their body should be provided training on the safe use of injections to avoid future complications(Figueroa, Johnson, Baggaley, 2015). Community interventions play an important role in guiding these key populations and providing effective services to deal with deadly diseases like HIV. It also helps in developing various strategies to provide better healthcare facilities to such patients. These strategies include providing education about the disease, application of various service and literacy programs and other programmes and policies for the betterment of healthcare services. It can be concluded that HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is an incurable disease, which leads to AIDS. It spreads through the body fluids present in our body and should be treated to prevent the virus from infecting further. It can be prevented by having safe sex or abstinence. Safe sex refers to the use condoms especially latex condoms and key populations should visit the healthcare professional for regular examination and to make sure that he or she has contracted the disease. They should follow proper treatment methods and take various preventive measures to avoid the infection from HIV. Patients should use sterilized needles should not use shared needles with each other for the incorporation of the drug in the body(Piot, Bartos, Ghys, Schwartlnder, 2001). People who belong to key populations such as men who have sex with men, people living in prisons and other closed settings, people who inject drugs in themselves, sex workers and transgender people should keep a check on the ir health to keep themselves safe from this lethal disease. They should be provided with proper counseling, guidance and information about the prevention and treatment facilities to prevent HIV from infecting them. It is the basic individual right of every human being to receive proper healthcare facilities irrespective of caste, creed religion and social status. References Bennett, Bertagnolio, Gilks, S. . (2008). The World Health Organization's global strategy for prevention and assessment of HIV drug resistance. Antiviral therapy, 13, 1. Brown, Stepanova, F. . (2016). Halfdan Mahler: architect and defender of the world health organization health for all by 2000 declaration of 1978. . American journal of public health, , 106(1), 38-39. Coleman, Tate, Gaddist, White, . (2016). Social Determinants of HIV-Related Stigma in Faith-Based Organizations. American journal of public health, , 106(3), 492-496. Diagnosing HIV. (2015). Retrieved from WHATS NEW IN INFANT DIAGNOSIS. Dodson, Batterham, McDonald, Osborne, E. . (2016). systematic analysis of the needs of people with HIV in Australia: stakeholder views of the key elements for a healthy life. Sexual Health, , 13(5), 444-450. Figueroa, Johnson, Baggaley, V. . (2015). Attitudes and acceptability on HIV self-testing among key populations: a literature review. r, . AIDS and Behavior , 19(11), 1949-1965. Group. (2003). Preliminary development of the World Health Organsiation's Quality of Life HIV instrument (WHOQOL-HIV): analysis of the pilot version. ,. Social Science Medicine , 57(7), 1259-1275. Leeuw, C. C. (2015). Towards health equity: a framework for the application of proportionate universalism. ,. International journal for equity in health , 14(1), 81. Piot, Bartos, Ghys, Schwartlnder, W. . (2001). The global impact of HIV/AIDS. , . Nature , 410(6831), 968-973. Thomas, Humphreys, W. . (2015)). Ensuring equity of access to primary health care in rural and remote Australia-what core services should be locally available? International journal for equity in health, , 14(1), 111. Weiler. (2013). Global update on HIV treatment: results, impact and opportunities. Worl Health Organisation. (2016). Retrieved from Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. World Health Organisation . (2015). Retrieved from Consolidated strategic information guidelines for HIV in the health sector. World Health Organisation . (2015). Retrieved from Fact sheet: HIV treatment and care: what's new in HIV treatment. World Health Organization. (2014). Retrieved from Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations

Nursing Staff Shortage and Patient Care free essay sample

The paper describes how the shortage of nursing staff in America is leading to compromised patient care. The healthcare industry in the United States is facing a significant shortage of nurses, which is creating a major supply and demand problem in the country. The failure of the industry to meet the rising demand for efficient and experienced nurses calls for immediate attention and change as the dearth of nursing staff is resulting in compromised patient care. The paper addresses these issues and recommends some changes. Nursing shortage is a serious problem in the United States, as some 500,000 positions are lying vacant. It has been noticed that hospitals and care units in our country are faced with an extreme shortage of nurses and there are various reasons why the nursing workforce is diminishing resulting in a dearth of qualified people in this field. It has also been noted that women entering the workforce have more options available and thus few choose to enter managed health care units. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Staff Shortage and Patient Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The country is also facing a dearth of nurses due to a similar situation globally and lower employment rate locally. Nurses in our country are mostly above the age of 50 and the average age of nurses in the United States is 49. This shows that fewer younger people are entering the field, which is a complex issue and needs to be analyzed closely in order to seek an effective solution.